1. Introduction

1.1. Protein phosphorylation
1.2. Chloroplast phosphoproteins
1.3. The photosynthetic unit and membrane organisation

2. Phosphoproteins of chloroplast thylakoid membranes

2.1. Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex (LHC II)

2.1.1. Structure and function of LHC II
2.1.2. Functional effects of LHC II phosphorylation on excitation energy distribution.

Fluorescence spectra
PS I antenna size
Enhancement
Spillover and absorption cross-section (Part I: chloroplasts)
PS II heterogeneity

2.1.3. Redox control at the level of plastoquinone
2.1.4. Light-state transitions in green plants
2.1.5. Regulation of photophosphorylation and assimilatory metabolism
2.1.6. Lateral heterogeneity and mobility of phospho-LHC II
2.1.7. Function and relative mobility of LHC II isomers
2.1.8. Phosphate group donors

2.2. The psbH gene product or 9 kDa phosphoprotein

2.2.1. Occurrence, location and regulation of phosphorylation
2.2.2. Sequence determination, phosphorylation site and distribution of psbH genes
2.2.3. What is its function in photosystem II?

2.3. Other phosphoproteins of chloroplast thylakoids

2.3.1. CP 43 of the PS II core antenna system
2.3.2. The reaction centre proteins D1 and D2
2.3.3. Others

2.4. The thylakoid kinase-phosphatase system

2.4.1. The site of redox control
2.4.2. The LHC II kinase
2.4.3. The LHC II phosphatase
2.4.4. How many kinases and phosphatases do we need?

Observations appearing to support a single thylakoid protein kinase
Observations appearing to support multiple thylakoid protein kinases
Comment on kinase(s)
Observations appearing to support a single thylakoid protein phosphatase
Observations appearing to support multiple thylakoid protein phosphatases
Comments on phosphatase(s)
General comment

3. Phosphoproteins of photosynthetic prokaryotes

3.1. Cyanobacteria

3.1.1. Light-dependent phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro
3.1.2. The 18.5 kDa phosphoprotein of the phycobilisome fraction
3.1.3. The PII protein or glnB gene product
3.1.4. The 15 kDa and other membrane phosphoproteins
3.1.5. Light-state transitions and control of protein phosphorylation in phycobilisome-containing systems

Redox control
Spillover and absorption cross-section (Part II: cyanobacteria)
Structural effects of phosphorylation

3.2. Purple photosynthetic bacteria

3.2.1. Chromatophore phosphoproteins
3.2.2. Control and function of phosphorylation

4. How does protein phosphorylation control photosynthetic unit function?

4.1. Inter-membrane electrostatic forces: the surface charge hypothesis
4.2. Intra-membrane, inter-molecular forces: the local charge hypothesis.
4.3. Intramolecular charge compensation and protein structural changes: molecular recognition
4.4. Prospects for high-resolution models of structural change
4.5. A model for control of PS II cooperativity and antenna size

5. Protein phosphorylation in control of gene expression.

5.1. Protein phosphorylation and redox control in developmental adaptation
5.2. Photosynthesis and two-component regulation

Acknowledgements

References

Figure Legends

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